Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various as

Lithium cobalt oxide compounds, denoted as LiCoO2, is a prominent mixture. It possesses a fascinating crystal structure that facilitates its exceptional properties. This layered oxide exhibits a remarkable lithium ion conductivity, making it an suitable candidate for applications in rechargeable power sources. Its robustness under various operating